Tier 1: Primary authoritative sources
Item descriptors, schedule fees, benefit amounts, incentive item rules
Service volumes and benefits paid by MBS group
CPI index numbers for inflation adjustments
Bulk billing trends, geographic variation, and policy phase analysis
Primary care benefits breakdown and GP funding share
Taxable income by occupation unit group via data.gov.au
GP counts, services, FTE by Modified Monash geography
Tier 2: Training and accreditation
AGPT pathway: 3–4 years full-time training
Rural generalist: min 4 years FTE (36 months core + 12 months advanced)
Identifying the cost of providing GP services
Tier 3: Employment comparators
Career Medical Officer classification and pay points
CMO base salaries: L10–L13 ~$170k–$188k (from 1 July 2025)
Tier 4: MBS item references
Historical item 23 benefit: $37.05
Level B standard GP consultation
Level C GP consultation (≥20 min)
Bulk billing incentive (MM1, Level B/C/D/E face-to-face)
Expanded BBI eligibility + BBPIP design
Calculation methods
Real rebate decline (item 23, 2014–2025)
Nominal change: $37.05 → $43.90 = +18.5%.
CPI change: 105.9 (Jun 2014) → 141.7 (Jun 2025) = +33.8%.
Real change: (1.185 / 1.338) − 1 = −11.4%.
Reported as "roughly 11%" real decline.